Narrative Report Essay

The history of the DPWH stretches back as far as the history of Philippine government itself. During Spanish times, the Spanish constructed the first roads in the Philippines using significant forced labor. These public works projects were not only used in the connection of towns and fortresses, but also in improving communications. As Spain expanded the scale of its public works projects, it resorted to a policy of attraction through public works projects. see more:sample introduction for narrative report In 1867, in order to pursue this objective, the King of Spain by decree designated the Spanish Governor-General as the Chief of Public Works assisted by Junta Consultiva through a Royal Degree in 1867. Joan Lucero It was in 1868 that the DPWH was born as the Bureau of Public Works and Highways, or Obras Publicas. Alongside the Bureau of Communications and Transportation (Communicaciones y Meteologia), now the Department of Transportation and Communications, the BPWH was organized under a civil engineer known as the â€Å"Director General†. It was responsible for all public works projects being done in the islands. During the Philippine Revolution, public works duties were assumed by a new department known as the Department of War and Public Works (DWPW). Although initially included in the portfolio of the Department of War (now the Department of National Defense), public works projects were so important to the war effort that public works were also prioritized through this department. During the American period, public works projects were initially put in the hands of the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers. However, this was transferred to a department known as the â€Å"Provincial Supervisions† on February 6, 1901. This eventually became the Department of Commerce and Police (DCP) in 1902, with two public works-related agencies, the Bureau of Engineering and Construction for public works projects and the Bureau of Architecture and Construction for the construction of public buildings. Both agencies were eventually merged into a bureau known as the Bureau of Public Works and was eventually subsumed into the DCP during reorganization in 1905. To keep pace with further developments in transportation and communications, the DCP was transformed into the Department of Commerce and Communications (DCC) in 1921. In 1931, the DCC was renamed by the Philippine Legislature the Department of Public Works and Communication (DPWC). Upon the inauguration of the Commonwealth of the Philippines in 1935, the DPWC was reorganized to contain the following bureaus: the Bureau of Public Works, Ports, Aeronautics, Coast and Geodetic Survey, the Metropolitan Water District Division of Marine, Railway and Repair Shop, National Radio Broadcasting, the Irrigation Council and Board of Examiners for Civil, Mechanical, Chemical and Mining Engineers. During World War II, the DPWC’s offices were destroyed in the Japanese occupation of the Philippines. It resumed operations in 1946, albeit with limited funds and manpower. To assist reconstruction efforts, the U. S. Bureau of Public Roads set up an office in the Philippines to coordinate with the Philippine Bureau of Public Works in implementing the Philippine highway network, which was in ruins. The DPWC was renamed in 1951 the Department of Public Works, Transportation and Communications, or DPWTC. In 1954, a body named the Bureau of Public Highways was established. This became a separate department on July 1, 1974. Two years later, with the adoption of the 1976 amendments to the 1973 Constitution, the department became the Ministries of Public Works, Transportation and Communications, and Public Highways, respectively. In 1979, the MPWTC was split into two ministries, the Ministry of Public Works (MPW) and the Ministry of Transportation and Communications (MOTC), now renamed as the Department of Transportation and Communications. On January 30, 1987, with the approval of the 1987 Constitution, the MPW was merged with the former Ministry of Public Highways to become the present-day DPWH. Preface  Education is the knowledge, skills, attitudes, and ideas resulting from a continuous process of experiencing and changing from the beginning to the end of life, both in and out of school. The Chief aim of this piece of work is to offer help by way of guide and suggestions to those who are taking the course Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering. It does not pretend, however, to be all inclusive and to supplement entirely such books and experiences dealing the subjects. Students are encouraged to read further in the subjects if they wish and expect to expand their knowledge. They may allude or refer to the suggested references listed under the bibliography. It is not the words to read but to understand. To whom credit and appreciation are due, the undersigned sincerely acknowledges them. Acknowledgment In colorful days passed by, in a moment of sadness or happiness, in sunrises and sunsets that gives a meaningful day to everyone. For a long time of conversation and hardship that I’ve suffered every night time in making this piece of work, I ought them my success and what I could give them in return is my whole-hearted gratitude and humble prayer for them. So I now take the opportunity to convey my most profound and whole-hearted gratitude to the following: God, for giving me strength, wisdom, and vision; who blessed me with his grace and blessings; My family, especially my beloved parents who encouraged, inspired, supported and guided me toward reaching a piece of success; To the members of the Management team of Department of Public Works and Highways- Cagayan Tuguegarao Third District Engineering Office especially to the Maintenance Section and Quality control and Hydrologic Section, for taking their time out looking for some files and books and letting me borrow for as long as I need them. To our understanding and loving College Dean, Engr. Fares G. Corpuz, whom with him guidance and supervision, handled me fruitful success. To my friends who extended their hands and gave their hearts whenever they are needed. And all others who, in one way or another, helped me make this possible. Dedication In doing something, it is done for a purpose. When there is a purpose, it is done by a will. And when one is willing to do something is inspired. He is inspired because there is an inspiration and it is because one is inspired in something, therefore after attaining something he dictates it to that thing. My success is not a mere success aided by others but it is also a success done by inspiration of some people. For this piece of work, I humbly dedicate to my loving, understanding, and supportive parents. It is not their pieces of advice that they’ve given to me is my basis or measurement but it my will to show the willingness to do what I have to prove as they are my inspiration together with my brothers, sisters and friends who guided and lead me to success.

Legalization of Marijuana for Recreational Use

Hewlett-Packard| Legalization of Marijuana for Recreational Use| Introduction to Ethics: Theory and Application| | HP| Assignment # 4 | Nichole Hysel| Legalization of Marijuana for Recreational Use On a cold January afternoon in a small community, a police officer is called to a residence for suspected domestic issue. As he arrives, he can hear shouting coming from the house. He knocks on the door and a boy of about five years old, who is dressed in nothing but shorts, comes to the door. He stands with the door open, a slice of bread in his dirty hand, smiling at the officer. He has seen the officer at the home a few times in the past.The child has also been over to the officer’s house to play with his children. The officer’s wife and the boy’s mother work together at the local grocery store and the boy’s father looks after him while his mother is at work. After the officer talks to the parents about their issues, which always seem to be basic domestic iss ues, he heads for the door. The boy follows him, hugs his leg, looks up and says, â€Å"Can I come with you? † The officer responds, â€Å"Sorry buddy, not today. † Two weeks later, on a bitter cold afternoon, the mother comes home from work to discover the child is gone.The same police officer searches along with the majority of the community. The boy is found an hour later on a rural country road. He is taken to the emergency room and treated for hypothermia. He is then taken in by Child Protective Services. The father is charged with possession of marijuana, his 2nd offense, along with intent to deliver. The mother has had enough and has turned the father in for growing a few plants in the basement and selling it to his buddies. After 7 days, the child is returned to his mother. He had been under the care of the police officer and his wife.Marijuana is the most widely used, illegal drug in the world. â€Å"It is estimated that 119 million to 224 million people used cannabis in 2011,† reports, Glenn D. Braunstein, M. D. and Vice President of clinical innovation at Cedars Sinai Hospital. Marijuana is considered a depressant, stimulant and hallucinogen. It has recently been legalized, as a recreational drug in two out of 50 states, Colorado and Washington. In these states, those who are 21 and older can possess up to an ounce of marijuana, it will be sold and taxed in state-licensed stores, much the same way alcohol is sold.In the state of Colorado, cultivation of up to six marijuana plants per person is allowed. Both states prohibit public use. Is it morally acceptable for marijuana to be legalized as a recreational drug? After exploring my own experiences, the possible pros and cons of legalization, and the social contract, utilitarian, and the ethics of care theories, I do not think it is morally acceptable. My personal opinion about the legalization of marijuana is that it should not be legal. While I have seen both negative and positi ve effects of marijuana use, it has affected me and my family in a negative way.I am aware that it can be used recreationally and have no affects. I also know that it can be addictive and have negative effects, both physically and mentally, when used on a regular basis. It is my personal opinion that the negative effects associated with marijuana outweigh the positives. I believe that if something has the potential to do harm to those who chose not to partake, it shouldn’t be legalized. I don’t believe that we should take the stand that because it is less harmful than alcohol, it should be legal.I believe that marijuana is dangerous, especially to today’s youth who use marijuana without considering the consequences. It is my fear that legalization could send the message to youth that it is acceptable to use marijuana as a coping mechanism. I do not want my children to be tempted to use a drug as a crutch, to relax or temporarily solve their problems. There are s everal reasonable arguments for legalization of marijuana. They are based on the idea that attempting to control its use causes more problems than it solves. The argument seems to be, that it isn’t going away so we may as well benefit from it.It is projected that by legalizing marijuana we could reduce the strain on our justice system, drastically cutting crime and possibly eliminating drug trafficking of marijuana. The production and sales of marijuana, by the government would save lives, create jobs and generate money that could be used for social progression, education, and healthcare which would in turn better the lives of everyone in society. Laws against use for those under 21 will prevent youth from obtaining the drug. I feel that benefitting from anything that is already illegal and proven to be a problem is immoral.Since we cannot guarantee that society will benefit from legalizing marijuana, it should not be legal. Age restrictions do not prevent youth from obtainin g alcohol; therefor I do not believe age restrictions on pot will deter them either. It is important that we use what we know about alcohol abuse as a whole, rather than use it as an excuse, due to the fact that it is perceived as more harmful, to legalize marijuana. Other arguments for legalization are based on free will and respect for autonomy. The belief is that, we all have the right to make choices for ourselves, using our own rational thought.If we are the only person who knows our needs, we can be the only person that can decide what is best for us. Marijuana users take the stand that,† If we are in our own homes, using marijuana, who are we harming? † I respect an individual’s right to choose as rational beings, unfortunately, not everyone is rational. Laws are put in place to protect us and benefit us as a society. Children suffer when parents use drugs in their presence. When children are under the care of a parent who is under the influence of a drug, their safety is sometimes being compromised.A few examples could be, a parent choosing to use money to buy marijuana instead of food or clothing, an inability to drive in an emergency situation and lack of focus and reasoning. I am not saying that pot use automatically makes a parent neglectful. I know several daily users who seem to be acceptable parents, even while under the influence. Yet I ask myself, could they be better parents? When a parent uses marijuana or any drug, legal or not, in the presence of their children, it sends the message that it is ok. Legalizing the drug will cause more parents to use in front of their children.I believe this will cause more children to use. Arguments against the legalization of marijuana tend to weigh heavily on the slippery slope argument, that any softening of the laws as they pertain to drugs will cause a bigger problem. It is anticipated by The Office of National Drug Control Policy that legalizing marijuana will increase use of the dru g and, consequently, the harm it causes, thus adding to the burden on the criminal justice system. They also report that legalizing the drug will make it less expensive and more attainable to youth.Because it is illegal in most countries, we have far less clinical evidence about pot’s effects than many other drugs. The only authorized source of marijuana research comes from the University of Mississippi and is controlled by the National Institute of Drug Abuse, they report that use of marijuana impairs memory in regular users, especially in youth. It impairs driving, inhibits productivity, causes depression, and can be addictive. It is also thought that those predisposed to addiction, will have an easier time obtaining and using the drug as a possible gateway drug.These are problems we face while it is not legal, if legalization will increase usage, these will become a more widespread problem. Utilitarianism states that we ought to choose the action which is the one that maxi mizes the overall â€Å"good† of the greatest number of individuals. The problem of drug use, from the utilitarian perspective, rests on the consequences of using the drug and whether or not it will benefit the majority of the population, now and in the future. In order for us to say that it is morally bad, we need to prove that the consequences in legalizing marijuana will be bad.The problem is, we cannot definitively say what the consequences will be. But, we can use what we learn from other areas that have or are in the process of regulating pot for recreational use. Studies done by the Drug Free America Foundation, report that based on experiences where marijuana has been legalized, the number of marijuana users tend to double or triple. This could mean an additional 17 to 34 million young and adult users in the United States. Recently, Here and Now, a talk show on local public radio in Colorado, had guest Dr. Christian Thurston, medical director for an adolescence substa nce abuse treatment program in Denver.He stated, â€Å"Young patients seeking addiction treatment for marijuana tell me that pot helps them with their anger, ADHD and that it helps them to sleep. † Thurston also said, â€Å"While marijuana can have medicinal value for adults, it can be very harmful to teens. † He also states that, â€Å"We’ve seen, starting in the late 1980s, that adolescents exposed to marijuana have about a two to four-fold increase of developing psychosis. We have good evidence now that adolescence exposure to marijuana affects intelligence, cognition, learning and memory. † Jann Gumbiner, Ph. D. licensed psychologist at the University of California, Irvine College of Medicine, who specializes in adolescent and child psychology reports, â€Å"About 10% of users will develop problems that impair their work and relationships. Many more will come to depend on pot for relaxation and social purposes. This will be problematic if they donâ⠂¬â„¢t learn more effective coping mechanisms and come to rely on marijuana instead of solving their problems. † It is my fear that legalization could send the message to youth that it is acceptable to use marijuana as a coping mechanism.Since we know teens are likely to suffer long term affects, and that legalization will cause more teens to use the drug, we are likely to see serious negative effects that could greatly impact society in the future. Social Contract theory also plays a big role in legalization of marijuana. Social Contract theory is based on the set of rules governing behavior that all rational people accept, on the condition that others accept the rules as well. What the majority of society feels and believes plays a very big role in our lawmaking process. Lawmakers tend to go with what their constituents want, in order to get votes.In the past society has placed a negative stigma on marijuana use, making it hard for those rallying for legalization to be heard . Recent statistics show society’s view on marijuana is changing. A Gallop Poll recently found that 50% of Americans think marijuana should be legal for adult use. This percentage is up by 4% from the previous year. This is in large part due to the fact that our younger generation is more supportive, while opposition generally comes from the older generation. It makes sense that as the older generation leaves, the younger generation’s opinion will be the majority.As popular opinion changes, it makes sense that we will be likely to see more states attempt to legalize marijuana. It is troublesome to me that information about marijuana is usually either directly for or against the drug. Internet articles are almost always directly for or against legalization. It is very hard to get unbiased facts. It is my concern that people, especially impressionable youth, aren’t getting the facts and are using how they feel as a basis for their opinion on marijuana. These youth , will soon decide what laws will govern society. The minimum conception of morality says we ought to at he very least, do what are the best reasons for doing while giving equal weight to the interests of each individual affected by our decision. I do not believe we should make something that is illegal, legal based on the idea that we might be able to control it even possibly benefit from it. We cannot say what the consequences will be. This is the major defect of the utilitarian theory of ethics. It does not take in to consideration that often times we cannot project the outcome of moral decisions. We cannot guarantee that the majority of society will benefit from legalization of recreational marijuana.There are too many questions involved. Could it make dealers even more competitive? Are there unforeseen costs that will take away from the suspected benefits? Will current dealers stop growing and selling? What will the effect on society be, given that legalization will most likely cause usage to greatly increase? If we don’t know the answers to such serious issues, we shouldn’t act. It is important that we use past experiences as examples. It is proven that history can be a valuable tool when attempting to predict an outcome of a hypothetical act.It is my hope that we learn what is best, by using what we learn from the areas that have legalized pot. I am aware that my personal perspective has a lot to do with having children and my sense to protect them from all things negative, taking the ethics of care position. Carol Gilligan, internationally acclaimed writer, psychologist, American feminist and ethicist, believes a woman’s basic moral orientation is one of caring, in a personal way, not just being concerned for humanity, in general. She believes that an ethic of caring for those close to you should not be inferior to that of an ethic of principle.I tend to agree; if we want for everyone, what we want for those we love and care for wo n’t the world be a better place? In summary I believe, based on what we do not know about the effects of legalizing marijuana, we should not legalize it. To say the problem isn’t going way so we may as well legalize it and benefit, is irresponsible. There is a trend showing increased usage with legalization. We aren’t able to predict the affect that increased usage will have on society. If we are to use alcohol as a guide at all, it should be as an example of what legalizing harmful substances can do to society.It is anticipated that legalizing marijuana will entice youth even more, causing future issues. While marijuana use will always be a problem in youth, I believe educating youth with factual information about marijuana will help them make better choices and allow us to have laws that will most benefit society in the future. As Walt Disney quoted, â€Å"Our greatest natural resource is the minds of our children†. Work Sited â€Å"187,000 Lb. of Mari juana Annually? Legal Pot Business to Bloom in Washington. †Ã‚  Business Money 187000 Lb of Marijuana Annually Legal Pot Business to Bloom in Washington Comments.N. p. , 08 Jan. 2013. Web. 15 Apr. 2013. Braunstein, M. D. , Glenn D. â€Å"Weeding Through Marijuana Facts and Fiction. †Ã‚  The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost. com, 01 Feb. 2013. Web. 15 Apr. 2013. â€Å"Legalizing of Marijuana Raises Health Concerns. †Ã‚  Well Legalizing of Marijuana Raises Health Concerns Comments. N. p. , n. d. Web. 15 Apr. 2013. â€Å"Marijuana: An Unbiased Analysis. †Ã‚  Marijuana: An Unbiased Analysis. N. p. , n. d. Web. 15 Apr. 2013. â€Å"Medical Marijuana: The Government's View. †Ã‚  National Drug Prevention Alliance & PPP  » USA. N. p. , n. d. Web. 15 Apr. 2013. â€Å"Principles and Theories.   Principles and Theories. N. p. , n. d. Web. 15 Apr. 2013. Rachels, James, James Rachels, and Stuart Rachels. The Elements of Moral Philosophy: 7th Revised Editio n. London: Mcgraw Hill Higher Education, 2012. Print. Swanson, Emily. â€Å"Marijuana Legalization Poll Finds Americans Want Federal Government To Leave States Alone. †Ã‚  The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost. com, 07 Dec. 2012. Web. 15 Apr. 2013. Turner, Dan. â€Å"Marijuana Legalization: States Send Message, Feds Aren't Listening. †Ã‚  Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles Times, 13 Nov. 2012. Web. 15 Apr. 2013. The White House. N. p. , n. d. Web. 15 Apr. 2013.

Biochemistry and Technology Essay

What specific topic did you choose to research and evaluate? (2 points) -I chose genetic engineering/recombinant DNA technology/transgenesis of biotechnology to research and evaluate because that interests me the most, personally. List the resources that you used in your research of your topic. (3 points) – I used sites such as, wikipedia.org, and slideshare.net. Describe, in a few paragraphs, the biotechnology that you researched. How is it currently being used and/or what are the hopes for its use in the future? (10 points) -Genetic engineering is an area in biotechnology that induces cell alterations in any kind of organism. It is based on artificial manipulation and transfer of genetic material from one organism to another. Basically the cells coded in with the new genetic information will pass those selected traits on to their offspring. Genetic combinations might be useful but not often found in nature. Genetic engineering now a days, is used in medicine to produce insulin and growth hormones, for those who lack it. The genes in humans are isolated using enzymes produced by bacteria which cleave DNA at specific base pairs, and then inserted into a a virus. The virus then is inserted into the bacteria DNA, ten the bacteria produces the hormones, which are then collected and given to patients who most need them. The hope for genetic engineering is soon a cure can be found for diseases by either inserting a corrected gene or even performing a genetic surgery. Currently many pregnant women like to have the fetuses screened for genetic defects so it can allow them and there physician to prepare for the arrival of the child who may need to have special needs. Describe the positive aspects of this biotechnology, being as specific as possible. (5 points) -One possible benefit for genetic engineering is is that with gene therapy, a fetus a genetic defect could be treated and even cured before it is born. Specific traits or characteristics can be inserted in a species, for example pest resistant genes inserted into crops to enable more crops to be harvested. Artificially produce vital hormones or proteins that are essential by inserting the coding genes into bacteria cells.†¨ Describe the negative aspects of this biotechnology, being as specific as possible. (5 points) -Genetic pollution occurs where the artificially produced species reproduce at a higher rate compared to the wild species present and cause extinction. Species that are produced have side effects such as a short life span, prone to diseases and mutations and physical defects. Expensive and advance technologies need to produce and maintain genetically engineered species. Hybrid species created may harbor new statins of diseases or viruses that is produced from the altered genes. Based on your research, what is your conclusion about whether or not this biotechnology should be used? Be sure to explain your answer. (5 points) In my opinion, I think biotechnology can benefit us all in a lot of different ways, but only if we use it right and only if we are really in need of it. For example, I think genetic engineering could help actually save a lot of lives and troubles that one might have when born. If treated right, a disease or disorder can be cured before one is born.

Quantative Methods Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Quantative Methods - Research Paper Example berg poll to study the music piracy in the US, and a sample of N = 1650 with a proportion sample of n = 839 representing a variable group of ages 12 to 17 and 811 representing sample = 811 (Duhigg, 2006). A sampling error which is the difference in population and the results indicated in the sample, E =  ± 3% (Ron Larson, 2015). The population selected to participate on the survey was 4466 and the respondent had to respond using internet, that’s an indication that the data left out a good proportion of candidates who could have qualified but did have internet access thus an avenue of biasness. Only 43% of the selected sample responded indicating that the survey had a poor turn-out thus the data can be biased. The questionnaire was mainly qualitative and from the data we the sponsors can use to lobby more funds to fight copy-wrongs in the US, media can use it to create awareness and the legal fraternity can use it to gauge the level of biting teeth the copyright laws in curbi ng the menace. A random survey was conducted in the US to evaluate the president’s image in relation to how he manages the government effectively. A sample N= 1015 was interviewed on telephone with a population proportion samples of 50% both on cellphones and landline with sampling error  ± 4% at 95% CI (Newport, 2015). The study focus on adults aged 18 and above, the survey does not indicate the number of the population sample selected and only gives the sample that qualified to be tested. The data can be biased as it did not cater the adults who don’t have telephone access, according to Pew Research Center (Pew Research Center, 2014), 10% of US adults of 18 years and older don’t have access to telephone and 40% of homes in the US don’t have access of landline (Channick, 2014). Further the respondent answering questions can be of below 18 years as there is no way to verify the age of the respondent thus biasness (Waters, 2011). The data was qualitative, media can use the data in

Project 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Project 1 - Essay Example The density in each case remained the same for the full candy bar and half candy bar. It is due to the fact, that with the change in the volume, the mass of the candy bar also changed and thus the ratio between the mass and volume remained the same. Both the candy bars have lower densities. The densities in full candy bar and half candy bar remained the same in both the two cases. Both the candy bars have higher volumes and lower masses that made the cars less dense. 3. Explain how buoyancy and density are related in why some things float and others sink. To answer this question completely, use additional resources such as the internet or library. MUST cite your source(s). Buoyancy is the property of an object that keeps it floating instead of sinking. Buoyancy and density are closely related to each other as density is the property of an object that enables it float. If the object has fairly large volume with respect of its mass, it will have less density that enables the object to float over water. In the similar manner, if the object has large mass with respect to its volume, it will sink. In order to float over water, the object should have a density lesser than density of water (Editions.sciencetechnologyaction.com). 5. If measured accurately, your densities should be very close to each other when comparing the whole candy bar to the same half candy bar. What factors would influence your calculations between the densities to be completely different (assuming your measurements weren’t close)? Make a

Napoleon in egypt and his effect on education , newspaper ,edition, Essay

Napoleon in egypt and his effect on education , newspaper ,edition, military - Essay Example t the months Alexander spent in Egypt, from late October 332 till April 331, marked a psychological turning-point in his life." By right of conquest Alexander "became simultaneously god and king, incarnation and son of Ra and Osiris; he was Horus the Golden One, the mighty prince, beloved of Amen, King of Upper and Lower Egypt."2 Previously, in Macedonia, rumours of Alexander being the son of a God had circulated. His mother claimed his father was Zeus-Ammon and it was said that he had a ring as a token of this paternity. However, it was in Egypt for the first time "he learnt that he was in truth a god, and the son of a god. Greek tradition distinguished sharply between the two; Egypt did not."3 He was not merely the son of a God but a God. Over two millennia later another rising military and imperial star, Napoleon Bonaparte invaded Egypt. Like Alexander before him, Napoleon, for a host of diverse reasons, both personal and political, opportunistic and strategic, turned his eyes to the Nile delta. The campaign is regarded as one of his first defeats. However, while it may have been a failure militarily, and was followed by Bonaparte becoming First Consul, then Emperor, and it had profound consequences on European history beyond the military and strategic. The months Napoleon spent in Egypt cannot be described as a psychological turning-point in his life, as they were for Alexander. However, the fact of the matter is that, Napoleon departed for Egypt as a leading military leader and returned a candidate for Emperor. Militarily, the campaign was a defeat. The Army of Italy was shipped to Egypt and campaigned along the Nile. It won some battles and it lost some battles. Ultimately, Nelson destroyed the French fleet in Aboukir Bay and left the army stranded in Egypt. At this point Napoleon returned to France where he became First Consul. Critics argue he abandoned his army in Egypt. His advocates claim he returned to the seat of government to rescue the

Sales Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sales Management - Assignment Example There were also reports of overstating his performance for assigned products. In this regard, as the Sales Director, the following concerns are hereby addressed: a. Explanation on How Paul can Create an Ethical Work Climate in his Department Upon review of the scenario, it was apparent that the top performing salesperson evidently violates codes of conduct by exhibiting unethical behavior, such as use of company resources and time for personal goals and interests; overstating reported individual performance to supposedly comply with the department’s quota, and coercing customers to purchase products with ill-intent. Therefore, to respond to Paul on the ways to create an ethical work climate, the following areas need to be appropriately addressed: i. Policies and rules There is a need to evaluate the policies and rules of the organization in terms of provision and clear dissemination of policies on strict adherence to ethical, moral and legal standards. Likewise, there must be a system of rewards and punishments to impose sanctions for violating these rules and to provide incentives for exemplary performance. There should also be a system of reporting (even through confidential means) of noted violations and appropriate committee to investigate the allegations. If proven that an employee indeed violates policies, sanctions ranging from reprimand, warning, suspension without pay, and dismissal must be enforced. ii. Trust and responsibility The organization must encourage corporate values of trust, responsibility, professionalism and social responsibility. These values must be clearly communicated to all personnel, together with the mission and vision statement; as well as the code of discipline and ethical behavior. Any violations noted on policies, rules, and code of discipline should be subject to sanctions, as recommended. iii. Peer behavior It is the responsibility of colleagues within the organization, irrespective of rank or position, to ensure that ethical behavior is manifested at all times. Any manifestation of unethical behavior contrary to the values indicated and in violation of the policies and rules should immediately be reported to higher authorities for proper review, evaluation, and imposition of sanctions. iv. Bottom line sales emphasis The actions, roles, responsibilities of salespeople and other members of the organization should be noted as contributory to the increase in sales and bottom line (net profit). These financial figures are needed in order for the organization to sustain and support continued operations in the future. In no way should employee behavior be exemplifying conflict of interests by focusing on personal gains and the use of company time and resources. v. Book and Hold Recording future sales transactions in current periods are contrary to the rules in accounting. Any transactions made to comply with sales quota for the current period could not be subject to reversals or refund. In cases that c ustomers refund products purchased, any recorded credits to salespersons’ quotas would be reverted to new levels (after the return) and any rewards or bonus rendered would be deducted in current sales performance. b. Description of the â€Å"Perceived Seriousness† of the Salesperson’s Behavior The behavior manifested and exemplified by the supposedly top performing salesperson is unethical and clearly violates policies, rules, codes of conduct and ethical behav

To what extent does the internet represent a more democratic medium of Essay

To what extent does the internet represent a more democratic medium of information - Essay Example The concept of democratic media is also in contrast to state-run operations in which the media embodies the value system of the state itself. As such, democratic media can be highlighted by its structure and roles. With regard to structure, democratic media is essentially organized and overseen by ordinary citizens or their grassroots organizations; in terms of functions, democratic media, as a matter of priority, pursue serving the informational, cultural, and other communication needs of members of the public from which the media constitute or represent (Gaur 2006, p.6). Majority of the world media, today, can be regarded as embroiled in a hyper-commercialized agitation. In most countries, fewer than ten transnational media conglomerates control much of the media with almost every aspect of media culture under commercial exploitation right from sports, education, and arts. For some, this trend of concentration of media power and the resultant commercialization of public discourse s pells a disaster. An informed and active citizenry relies on the media in exercising its public service role and popular government need popular information, or ways of attaining it to be considered democratic (Bennett 2007, p.22). The case for media rests on two broad propositions: first, media play critical roles in social, political, economic, and cultural functions within contemporary democracies. In such societies, media can be regarded as the principal source of political information and admittance to public debate, and the platform to an informed, participating, self-governing citizenry (Gaur 2006, p.7). Democracy necessitates a media system that avails the masses with a wide range of opinion and analysis and debate on critical issues, mirrors the diversity of citizens, and fosters public accountability on the premise of powers-that-be and the powers-that-want-be (Bennett 2007, p.24). Second, media structuring, as exemplified by patters of ownership, subsidy, management, and regulations, are a critical determinant of media content. Given the non-competitive nature of media markets, the assertion that the media in contemporary society â€Å"gives people what they want† is unconvincing, to the exception of one media-the internet. Most media firms possess enough market power to dictate the content that can be perceived as most profitable to them (Cohen 2005, p.3). An easy route to this end (profitability) features increasing commercialism facilitated by a large number on ads, enhanced influence by advertisers over the non-advertising content, programming that yields to merchandising, and all forms of cross promotions with non-media forms. For any media to be considered democratic, it must wean itself the negativities associated with media ownership, regulation, management, and subsidy (Hoggart 2004, p.2). As such, the media system must eliminate the enormous power held by selected corporations and advertisers that dictate the media culture. The rece nt success witnessed by the commercial media can be attributed to a number of factors: commercial media operate at all geographical levels as highlighted by the Intra and inter-corporate connections exchange content. Commercial media all collectively and individually lobby to bring strategic influence to bear on

Apple Inc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Apple Inc - Essay Example The paper outlines the history of the Apple Inc. and describes it. The company operates across the globe through its 317 retail stores established in ten countries of the world. It also runs an online store to sale its hardware and software products to the consumers all over the world. It has surpassed Microsoft and has become the world’s largest and most valuable technology company. The company employs 46,600 people as full time employees whereas 2,800 people work as temporary fulltime for the company in different countries of the world. The annual sales of the company reached the level of $65.23 billion in the financial year 2010 whereas its assets are calculated US$ 75.18 billion. Apple Inc. was established in 1976 in California by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne. Steve Job and Steve Wozniak have 45percent of the company’s share each whereas the 10% remaining shares are owned by Ronald Wayne. They created the company with the intention of providing inexpensive and simple to use computers to the consumers. Initially the name of the company was Apple Computer, Inc. It operated with this name for thirty years and in 2007 that word computer was excluded from its name in order to reflect the broad variety of consumer electronic products and services being produced by the company other than the computers. Apple introduced its first system in 1976 with the name Apple I that was sold for $666.66 at the local electronics stores followed by Apple II and Mac. The company continues with the production and released of different models.... Apple introduced its first system in 1976 with the name Apple I that was sold for $666.66 at the local electronics stores followed by Apple II and Mac (Kunkel, 2006, p186). The history of Apple is marked with several important developments and decisions that contributed towards the success of the company at international level however, it has been widely regarded that the success of the company was geared up in 1984 with the production and release of its 1984 commercial directed by Ridley Scott. It was aired during the Super Bowl XVIII. It Big Brother that tell the people what to think and chose giving them no freedom of choice whereas Apple stands as the heroine giving freedom and choice of thinking to the customers. The commercial was interpreted differently however, it played vital role in bringing notoriety to the Macintosh line of computers (Jeffrey, 1988, p32). Apple II was released in 1977 that contained several enhanced features like the BASIC programming language, 16-bit pro cessing using the MOS Technology 6502 1 MHz microprocessor. After the first release they continued working to improve the capabilities and functions of their products and several subsequent models of Apple II were released having improved speed and better designed as compared with the original model of Apple II. The company also released the first ever external 5.25† floppy disk controller, read-only memory (ROM)-based Microsoft-based BASIC language program called AppleSoft and first thermal printer, the SilenType. In 1983, Apple released Apple IIe that became the most popular and best-selling of Apple II model. Some of the initial products of Apple Inc. failed to gain the popularity and success among the masses like the first Apple portable and Newton. However,

Cyborg Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cyborg - Essay Example Haraway notes the frequent occurrence of cyborg life aspects of life in modern medicine, as individuals regularly implement machines or medicine to survive or live fuller lives. More specifically, the notion of the cyborg comes to be aligned with socialist-feminism in the 20th century. In these regards, Haraway notes, â€Å"The cyborg is a creature in a post-gender world† (Haraway, p. 2). Within this notion of understanding, there are a number of manifestations of this cyborg reality in the post-modern cultural landscape. This essay examines the emergence of Haraway’s cyborg within bounce music. In examining the theory of the cyborg within bounce music it’s necessary to consider the nature of this musical genre. Emerging in the late 1980s bounce music is a version of New Orleans hip-hop (Dee 2010). While it contains many traditional hip-hop elements, including rap lyrics and sampled beats, the genre is also very different from other forms of rap. In these regards , prominent bounce musicians have experimented with post-modern gender concerns and have implemented what is referred to as ‘drag rap’ vocals. Another prominent aspects are the lyrics, which are â€Å"mostly about sex and are so habitually obscene that they have helped keep bounce from spreading too far beyond its New Orleans borders† (Dee 2010, pg. ... 2). These cyborg elements are directly witnessed in many of the aesthetic formulations that have emerged in bounce music. One of the most prominent such versions of this occurs through the bounce music performer named Big Freedia. Big Freedia is the stage name of Freddie Ross. With the Big Freedia character Ross dresses in drag and performs bounce music. It is this exploration of sexuality and perversity that are characteristic elements of the cyborg. Indeed, one considers that the theory of the cyborg presents a version of the modern human as existing in a post-gender environment. While many of the prominent themes in rap music value realism and a gritty depiction of street life, bounce music differs as it explores hybrid themes and increased emphasis on irony. Such themes, as shown above, are both prominent elements in Haraway’s theory of the cyborg. Another prominent example of these themes of irony can be seen in terms of the bounce music videos. One prominent artist in th ese regards is Katey Red. In her video ‘Where Da Melph At’ the director films a woman seated in a car. As the woman places on a bounce music CD the music begins and a house of people with bright colored pajamas exit and begin dancing to the music. The scene is one of great absurdity and humor, yet in this scene one witnesses what Haraway has envisioned as a modern manifestation of the human condition. In these regards, the perversity as seen in the dancing where the individuals rapidly shake their rear-ends. In addition, the bright colored pajamas also reflect the Haraway’s ironic criteria. Another prominent criterion of the cyborg is the breaking down of the separation of the human and the animal. Haraway notes that the,

The Articles of Confederation and the Constitution Essay Example for Free

The Articles of Confederation and the Constitution Essay Question: From 1781 to 1789 the Articles of Confederation provided the Unites States with an effective government. Use the documents and your knowledge of the period to evaluate this statement. Although the Articles of Confederation provided a working government for the United States, it was not necessarily an effectively working government; an effective government would be one that not only establishes control and authority, but one under which the nation flourishes. Certainly the Articles set down a basic government with the idea of a democratic republic. However, the Articles of Confederation didnt impose an effective government as much as it set the basis for one. It was unable to enforce many laws and many of those set were also unequal in operation, as unfair to some states as fair to others. Thus, from 1781 to 1789, the Articles of Confederation established a working, yet ineffective government, with very little control or authority over foreign relations, the economy, and western lands. In foreign relations, the government set down by the Articles of Confederation had minimal, if any, control and authority over diplomatic efforts with Spain, France, Britain, and the foreign presences in America. One contributing factor to this was the lack of an executive branch. Congress was the chief coordinating agency of any war efforts and almost every action of meaning. During a disagreement over foreign policy, the argument could possibly have lasted for weeks with no decision or compromise set, leaving the problem standing unresolved. What authority Congress did have over commerce was shown in some unfair tariffs on foreign trade, that consequentially affected foreign relations. There was a marked decline in the estimated market of United States exports to Great Britain; in those, there was a definite per capita drop [Document B]. There was much difficulty with diplomatic efforts with other countries. For example, while negotiating a treaty with Spain that could have given America access to the Mississippi River, the Southern states refused to go along, with the result of the treaty negotiations and the Mississippi had to be given up [Document F]. In America itself, Congress was unable to enforce the Treaty of Paris. There were British troops still occupying some parts of America [Document D]. Since Congress could not directly assemble an army, there was no way to deal  with the problem and the existing American troops were discontent with the governments failure to pay their wages [Document C]. Considering the state of foreign relations under the Articles of Confederation, the Louisiana Purchase wouldnt have been possible. The negotiations for the territory would have failed and Congress would have argued over the purchase of land long after the offer would have been voided. The difficulties in foreign relations were too much for the government set by the Articles of Confederat ion to be considered effective. The economy, like foreign relations, worked virtually in complete independence from Congress and the Articles of the Confederation. Congress had little authority over and abilities of directly taxing the people and regulating commerce. Being the central institution of national authority Congress needed the power to control factors that influence the economy which they didnt. The foreign relations of America affected the foreign trade of America. The foreign relations were in a dystopian. As a result, the foreign trade of America was in as sorry a state of affairs. There was a marked decline in the estimated market of United States exports to Great Britain and in those that did exist was a definite per capita drop [Document B]. When Congress did have the authority to impose a tariff, it was often unequal in operation and unfair to some states while favoring others [Document A]. The government set by the Articles of the Confederation experienced many difficulties with control and authority over an economy that did not prosper under the Articles. The western lands of the Articles United States were under very little American control. First of all, Although the western lands were turned over to the national government and then sold, they werent well controlled. Many of these lands were already predominantly inhabited by Native Americans. Congress lacked the ability to directly assemble an army, yet a fighting force was almost necessary to opposing the British still in America after the Treaty of Paris. An army would also have quelled raiding and rebelling Indians in the West, and also raiding from over the border of Spanish Florida. In negotiations over the western border of the US, there was much arguing among Congress between northern and southern state representatives  [Document F]. While negotiating a treaty with Spain that could have given America access to the Mississippi River, the Southern states refused to go along, so the treaty negotiations and the Mississippi had to be given up. The Articles of Confederation didnt establish an effective government; they not only established little control, but the nation didnt flourish. The failure of this government is perceptible in the state of foreign relations, the economy, and western lands from 1781 to 1789. The clear failure can also be seen in the call for revision of the Articles [Documents G, H]. Things were going wrong and they needed to change. Although the call was originally just for revision, it resulted in a new document, the Constitution. Although the Articles set down a basic government with the idea of a democratic republic, thats all it had: the idea. The basis set for an effective democratic republic was embellished and made to succeed in the Constitution. This demonstrated that the Articles government wasnt completely flawed, but it certainly wasnt effective.

Laws and Regulations Essay Example for Free

Laws and Regulations Essay Introduction British Petroleum is the US’s largest corporation. One of the largest oil producers, BP services globally for billions of dollars each year. BP distributes oil and natural gas all over the world. British Petroleum has run into several problems with federal regulations over many years. Because of safety issues against the communities OSHA had to investigate many times for oil spills and natural gas leaks. Coca Cola is also one of the largest company beverage companies on the world. Coca Cola was used at first to cure addicts but the n it was revamped and used for making drinks for everyone. Like BP, Coca Cola had its issues with the law as well. They have been accused of violating human rights, pesticides in the groundwater, and finding cancer causing chemicals in the soft drinks. In 2008 it was concluded that Coca Cola was in direct violation FDA for health risk. We will compare and contrast the risks of safety regulations, OSHA violation, product safety and liability, workers compensation, and workplace data security and property protection from Coca Cola and British Petroleum. OSHA The Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSH Act) of 1970 is a federal regulation that establishes and enforces health and safety policy in the workplace (Goetsch, 2008). It covers private sector employers and employees and encourages states to participate in health and safety programs. States that participate receive half of its funding from the federal government (OSHA.gov, 2011). In the advent of increasing awareness and training of health and safety, company safety representatives must be up-to-date on laws, regulations and liability. The OSH Act requires employers to maintain statistical health and safety records and to report occupational illnesses and injuries under certain conditions at each company location. The reporting conditions are the following: â€Å"Death of one or more workers, one or more days away from work, restricted motion or restrictions to the work that an employee can do, loss of consciousness of one or more workers, transfer of an employee to another job, medical treatment beyond in-house first aid (if it is not on the first-aid list, it is considered medical treatment), and any other condition listed in Appendix B of the rule† (Goetsch, 2008, p. 121). Employers are responsible for informing employees about health and safety practices, laws, and regulations. OSHA regulations apply to BP and Coca-Cola with some deviation because of the nature of the business. OSHA regulations include general industry standards and it provides health and safety training programs for employees and employers. In the last few years, BP has been under much scrutiny. OSHA fined BP $87.4m for safety violations that led up to the 2005 Texas City refinery explosion (Walter, 2009). In 2010, BP’s Gulf of Mexico oil spill is still under investigation by the government. Insiders blame the spill on BP’s decision to shortcut procedures and skip a quality test (Casselman Gold, 2010). Unlike BP, Coca-Cola received OSHA recognition in 2009 for having the highest employee safety and health standards at its Milesburg, PA site (OSHA.gov, 2009). Worker’s Compensation According to Goetsch (2008) â€Å" the concept of worker’s compensation developed as a way to allow injured employees to be compensated appropriately without having to take their employer to court† (Overview of Worker’s Compensation, p. 174). British Petroleum (BP) and Coca-Cola are large organization with locations around the world. Both organization have over 90,000 workers worldwide and have worker compensation plans to make sure injured employees are cared for. According to Ramos Law (2011), â€Å"workers at Coke suffer injuries similar to that of other factory employees. These workers suffer shoulder injuries from repetitive jobs such as mixing formula; knew injuries from loading product; or back pain from general warehouse jobs† (Hurt While Working at Coca-Cola or in the Beverage Industry?, para. 1). Coke needs to do a risk analysis and provide training to reduce the amount of workers’ compensation claims. British Petroleum (BP) had a massive oil spill in April of 2010 off the Gulf of Mexico in which BP hired over 20,000 people to help clean up the disaster. The care, training and protective gear for the cleanup crews was below safety standards. Training and protective gear could be the cause of the worker’s compensation claims that BP has will continue to receive. According to Johnston Moore Thompson Attorneys at Law (2011), â€Å"seven oil spill workers were hospitalized on May 26 after experiencing nausea, dizziness and headaches. Four more were hospitalized on May 28, two of whom were admitted for chest pains† (First Workers Compensation Cases Building for Oil Spill Cleanup, para. 4). The fumes from the oil and the touching of the hazardous material to try and reduce the damage caused many to become sick. The safety standards of BP are being questioned for both the workers and the surrounding areas that were hit by this devastating oil spill. Product Safety and Liability Product safety and liability is a law that was created to hold distributors, retailers, manufacturers, and suppliers responsible for injuries caused from the product (Goetsch, 2008). This law was designed so that in the event injury occurs the consumer is protected. There are a number of different concepts that have laid the groundwork for the product liability law. The four major reasons that the laws were created were from, negligent manufacture, breach of warranty, strict liability in tort, and negligent design (Goetsch, 2008). Companies must take the time to ensure that the products that have been designed meet the safety standards to prevent potential instances from occurring. Coca Cola ensures that the product safety and liability is met by measuring the product and package requirements against the company standards. The company uses â€Å"The Coca-Cola Management Systems† which is a quality management system that maintains the company’s operations worldwide, maintain the Coca-Cola standards (thecoca-colacompany.com, 2011). BP has been under the analysis for quite some time since the oil spill occurred that caused millions of dollars in damage to the Gulf of Mexico. Since that time BP has created new ideas to monitor the waters that hold different oil rigs, these have been created to ensure quality monitoring. BP has created an observation program that will support constant monitoring. (BP.com, 2011) This will allow for the creation of quality monitoring preventing additional instances of the oil spill occurring in the future. This is important part of the product liability and safety program to ensure that the company follows the guidelines required to prevent future liability’s from occurring. This new quality monitoring will be able to â€Å"detect changes within the water quality, marine mammal vocalizations and weather and water temperature† (BP.com, 2011). Workplace Data and Property Protection In the workplace the most important option to the company is security and protection. Companies spend millions of dollars creating systems to protect all the assets and data that passed through a system. At BP, system security over their data tying global partnerships each refinery is a goal amongst the company. British Petroleum train each employee to keep information confidential and away from media if there is a minor incident. The risk of an employee breaking that code of silence about vital information is likely to happen. They have contracts to state employees cannot talk to media or there will be consequences that could ultimately lead to termination. Environmental Protection Agency protects the property and materials produced by BP. EPA keeps the regulation on what products are safe for BP to use to drill oil. Coke Cola has similar issues of security, but they are interested in keeping new products under the table so they can have the advantage over their competition once they launch a product. Their data protection requires a secure system as well. Both IT departments make sure systems do not get hacked by putting up server walls on the system. The security side of the results of companywide is an enterprise-level record of reference that becomes the official record for a given employee, customer, supplier, facility or other entity. Records of reference are the gold standard against which all other records in the system must be validated. These bind together the mass of company data and are at the core of the master data management approach to enterprise-wide integration (Goetsch, 2008). Although other large corporations are developing their own information frameworks, BP’s design is unique in that it specifically complements BP’s decentralized business structure. Casselman and Gold (2010) describes a situation in which a BP employee might have multiple records in one or more human resource databases, making it time-consuming to weed out the duplicate data. Conclusion There are many risks and contrasting information between the Coca Cola and British Petroleum. Both must follow rules and regulations of OSHA and federal laws in order to stay in business. Both companies had their share of setbacks when it came to employees and safety issues that made the public eye. Both companies continue to make billions of dollars and each year as the rules change they are learning to change with it. References BP.com. (2011) BP Deploying Advance Unmanned Water Quality Monitoring Vehicles in Gulf of Mexico. Retrieved from http://www.bp.com/genericarticle.do?categoryId=2012968contentId=7064711 Casselman, B. and Gold, R. (2010). BP decisions set stage for disaster. Current, 524,14-16. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete. Goetsch, L. (2008). Occupational safety and health for technologists, engineers, and managers (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Johnston Moore Thompson Attorneys at Law. (2011). Hunysvills Pearsonal Injusry Law. Retrieved from http://www.huntsvillepersonalinjurylaw.com. OSHA.gov. (2009). U.S. Department of Labors OSHA recognizes Coca-Cola Danone Waters LLC for workplace safety and health success. Retrieved from http://www.osha.gov/ pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=NEWS_RELEASESp_id=18137. OSHA.gov. (2011). United States Department of Labor. Occupational Safety Health Administration. Retrieved from http://www.osha.gov/OSHA_FAQs.html. Ramos Law. (2011). Ramos Law Firm Workers Comp Blog. Retrieved from http://www.ramoslawblog.com. Thecoca-colacompany.com. (2011) Product Quality: Coca-Cola Quality. Retrieved from http://www.thecoca-colacompany.com/citizenship/quality.html Walter, P. (2009). BP handed 87.4m fines. Chemistry Industry, 22, 7. Retrieved from Business Source Complete.

Rio Antirio Bridge And Millau Viaduct Engineering Essay

Rio Antirio Bridge And Millau Viaduct Engineering Essay Rio-Antirio bridge, the worlds longest suspension bridge, connecting Western Peloponnese with mainland Greece, 1998-2004 Millau viaduct. Millau, france, 1993-2004 Comparison: The two bridges are both phenomenal suspensions bridges in their locations. With taking into account the location of these two bridges, both bridges, Both are considered to be an architectural and engineering marvels. Concrete plays an important role in the construction of suspension bridges. There will be massive foundations, usually embedded in the ground. There are abutments, providing the vital strength and ability to resist the enormous forces. They both have exceptionally large dimensions and resistance to huge forces such as wind in Viaduct case and wave, wind, earthquake and many other natural forces, in Rio-Antirion case. Both bridges were constructed in a limited time constraint and both where successfully delivered on time. The construction was a good opportunity for both countries to create jobs as well as profiting financially and economically from the structures. These two similar structures where created in two different locations, Rio-Antirio bridge in Greece was created over the gulf of Corinth, whilst the Millau viaduct Bridge in France was created over the valley of the river tarn. Both bridges are very long thus the engineers decided to use suspension bridges. They both started construction at about same time. Rio-Antirion in Greece was constructed by a French company, where as Millau-Viaduct in south of France and constructed by a British company. Here are the differences and similarities of the two bridges in case of construction, economical, and many other aspects. Rio-Antirion Bridge: After 5 years of construction the Rio-Anitirio bridge was opened to traffic on 7th of August 2004 The Rio-Antirio bridge was constructed in Greece by a French company, Vinci. Greece needed the construction to be finished before the 2004 Olympics, which was not enough time for most of the construction companies. Also to make the matter worse the bridge had to be constructed on a river, meaning it had to have a high strength to resist the strong tides and earthquakes, as the location of this bridge is extremely prone to earthquakes and tide waves. C:UsersRaminDesktopPhocisS1.gif The Greek government set the French company a fixed price and time to do the job as there was no time for a mistake, Considering these entire situation the French company still decided to go ahead and take the project. If the bridge was not ready by the deadline the French company had to pay a fine as well as the expenses for the construction from that point onwards. The bridge meant much easier and faster transportation for Greek people as it connects the two major cities of Antirio and Rio together (Antirio and Rio, hence the name). In addition, it would be a valuable income for the Greek government economics. As it was close to 2004 Olympics which supposed to take place in Greek. Also because of the transport problem in that location a lot of people will be using the bridge, which meant they have to pay (cars: à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬11.70, motorcycles: à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬1.80, coaches: à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬26.20-à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬56.50 and trucks à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬17.30- à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬38.00). As the bridge connects Rio to Antirio which is in mainland Greece, thus connecting with the rest of Europe. The only means of transport between these two lands was by using ferry or via the isthmus of Corinth at its extreme east end, therefore this bridge was really important for the Greek transportation. The bridge reduces travel time across the straight from 45 minutes via fe rry to less than 5 minutes. Bridge construction: The Rio Antirio Bridges pylons are made from reinforced concrete and pylon legs range from 25m to 45m above sea level. Seabed reinforcement was achieved by using inclusions, which are 2 m diameter hollow steel pipes 25 m to 30 m long. 200 pipes were driven in to the seabed by a crane on a tension leg platform, which was installed at every pier location; this was topped with a 3 m thick, levelled gravel layer. A cone with a diameter of 38 m formed the lower part of the pier.5 The bridge is counted as one of the tallest and longest bridges as it consist of five cable stayed spans and four columns, the longest span is 560 meters. The bridge is 2880 meters long with a width of 27.2 meters across. The towers, particularly their foundations, are the real technical achievement of this project. The seabed on which the foundations rest was specially prepared in order to eliminate the effects of earthquakes. The bridge consists of 6 lanes, 2 lane on each side, 2 emergency on each side as well as a pedestrian and bicycle lane .The total cost of the bridge was about à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 630,000,000, funded by Greek state funds, backed by loans from the European Investment Bank. During the construction, the French company decided to create a suspension bridge, as the distance was to great for any other type of bridge. They had problems before and during construction, such as; the site had difficulties including deep water, insecure materials for foundations, seismic activity, the probability of tsunamis, and the expansion of the Gulf of Corinth due to plate tectonics so this bridge is counted as one of engineers masterpiece. One of the major problems during the construction was, whiles installing a column the tides where too strong and placed the pile in the wrong position. As the company had no time to remove the column and replace it again as it was too heavy, it would cost them much more that they had planned so the engineers decided to move the whole process by the distance misplaced. C:UsersRaminDesktopRioAntirioBridge1.jpg The piers of the Rio-Antirio Bridge can slide on their gravel beds to accommodate tectonic movement. Engineering feats As the results of these problems, the engineers had to come up with a solution that is both strong and also flexible during earthquakes. The water depth reaches 65 m, the seabed is mostly of loose sediment, the seismic activity and possibility of tectonic movement is significant, and the Gulf of Corinth is expanding at a rate of about 30 mm a year. For these reasons, special construction techniques were applied. The piers are not buried into the seabed, but rather rest on a bed of gravel, which was meticulously levelled to an even surface (a difficult attempt at this depth). During an earthquake, the piers should be allowed to move laterally on the seabed with the gravel bed absorbing the energy. The bridge parts are connected to the pylons using jacks and dampers to absorb movement; too rigid a connection would cause the bridge structure to fail in the event of an earthquake. It was also important that the bridge not have too much lateral leeway either so as not to damage the piers. There is provision for the gradual expansion of the strait over the bridges lifetime.1*. As result of the bridges enormous size and the risk this carries a yearly maintenance is need to be carried out to ensure the safety of the users. On January 28th 2005, only six months after the opening of the bridge, as the result of a failure in one of the cables the bridge had to be closed to the public. As there where 4 more cables supporting this section of the bridge minimum damage was caused to the bridges core structure. For health and safety there are more than 100 sensors installed on the bridges, which provides 24/7 surveillance of the structure.(JPG) *-refer to reference 1. Millau- Viaduct bridge This bridge was constructed from 1993 to 2004 in southern France. Linking France and Spain by constructing a motor way over the River Tarn. The bridge has been constructed on a 2 km valley divided in two by River Tarn. An English company foster constructed this bridge. The milau viaduct bridge not only has a dramatic sihoutte, but crucially, it also makes the minimum intervention in the landscape. Lit at night, it traces a slender ribbon of light across the valley. Foster partners 2004. Viaduc de Millau is the chosen solution for taking the A75 motorway from Clermont-Ferraud south to Beziers. This is cheaper than the alternative of tunnelling through the hills flanking the river, and will shorten the journey by 100 km and by up to 4 hours in the holiday season, as well as removing much traffic pollution caused by continual traffic jams for local inhabitants in Millau. The government makes money by charging the vehicles using the bridge. The Milau Viaduct Bridge is also being used for extreme sports such as base jumping and repelling. Also is very economical as it saves a lot of time and avoids traffics. The construction process involved approximately five hundred workers working simultaneously on the project, which means it was a good opportunity for France to create many jobs. C:UsersRaminDesktopviaduc_situation_c_2.jpg ` This project was proposed by the owners Compagnie Eiffage du Millau Viaduct (CEVM) and the client SETEC to cross the Tarn gorges by a viaduct/ road bridge. All designs had to satisfy the design brief, but Fosters knew that this bridge posed several novel problems. Tests revealed problems for drivers on such a high, long and thin structure with just two lanes either sides. The bridge is 343 m high and is a multi cable-stayed structure with slender piers and a very light deck, touching the valley at only seven points. It was decided to design a multi cable-stayed bridge (2460 m long) because Lord Foster wanted the bridge to look as transparent and lightweight as possible to reduce cost, but also to attempt to minimise the effect of the structure in its environment as well as reducing wind loadings. The solution was to incline the bridge by 3% to improve road visibility, and to make the whole structure curved to lessen the sensation of floating, even though this would increase the length of the bridge to 2.5 km and add to the cost. To prevent drivers from the distraction of the beautiful scenery, the hard shoulder on both sides was increased in width to three metres. Emergency phones were designed for every 500 metres along the full length on each side.Millau1 Viaduc de Millau The construction consists of: The deck- steels of grade S355 and S460 The piers- reinforcement concrete The cables-steels of grade S355 and S460 The abutments- reinforcement concrete The pylons- steels of grade S355 and S460 (the concrete was used more for its high durability as this bridge is estimated to last 120 years, rather than its high mechanical resistance.) Construction: The structure is continues along its eight cable spans. The two spans at each sides are 204m and the six spans in middle are 342m each. The bridge has 2 lanes and an emergency line at each side. The construction method was beneficial. The factory pre-production of certain parts of the deck reduced the volume of material that had to be worked on on-site, something which never would have been possible with an all-concrete structure. Less equipment, less construction material, fewer trucks going back and forth clogging up traffic in all it added up to less disturbance to the life of the local population. The Millau Viaduct was described by Lord Foster as his sculpture in the landscape.The whole thing looks impossibly delicate, Foster said in a telephone interview. This bridge is one of the most popular tourist attractions in the France because of the exceptional dimensions and the natural grandeur of the Aveyronnais landscape. C:UsersRaminDesktopviaduc_c.jpg The deck consists of a trapezoidal profiled metal box girder and to ensure resistance to fatigue a thickness of 14 mm has been used for the whole length of the structure. The deck was designed prefabricated which speeds the process and also is environmentally friendly as it uses much less landscape during construction. The decks are supported by multi-span cables which are constructed from steel too. There are eleven pairs of cables, which support each span. The cable anchors are adjustable at the deck end and fixed on the pylons. C:UsersRaminDesktopmillaudiag1.jpg To install the deck successfully, seven temporary piers were needed. These temporary piers consist of a metal framework in the form of K. The top of each temporary pier is fitted with metal trimmer to receive the beginning supports, known as translators. The highest temporary pier was 173 m high. The entire cost of creating this bridge was 320 million Euros. The bridge consists of eighteen cameras located at various locations on the bridge to ensure the bridge safety 24 hours a day. The cameras are connected to computers to monitor the bridge for traffic, wind loads and any damages that may happen to the bridge.C:UsersRaminDesktop4.jpg The viaduct was ensured to have: Specially designed safety barriers that can withstand impact from heavy lorries. Transparent windbreak screens 3 m. high to limit the effect of the wind on vehicles. Emergency lanes 3 metres wide. Emergency phones every 500 metres. Conclusion: In conclusion, the Rio-Antirion is longer than Millau-Viaduct; however, Millau-Viaduct is considerably higher than Rio-Antirion. The Rio-Antirion is cost approximately double Millau-Viaduct. The environment on which Rio-Antirion was build on can justify this. As more time need to be spend reinforcing the seabed on which Rio-antirion was being build on. Millau-Viaduct is much more environmentally friendly than Rio-Antirion. Both bridges meant an easier and faster way to travel that saves a lot of time. As well as reducing the traffic load on other means of travelling the same distance. Both bridges have similar structure but constructed in different methods. Rio-Antirion was constructed separately on each pier and then reaches to each other. However, Millau-Viaduct was constructed from both ends and reach together in the middle. Each of this methods where chosen as it best suite the environment on which the each bridge was being build on. The Millau-Viaduct was prefabricated in the factory to ensure limited landscaped is used on the site, thus environmentally friendly. Rio-Antirion was constructed much quicker than Millau-Viaduct hence explains the costs. In addition, Rio-Antirion had alot more problems in terms of site location than Millau-Viaduct in case of engineering. Rio-Antirion was constructed completely in water, which increases the expenses as engineers needed to use a specially designed ship to transport the ready made piers to their specific location. The ship had to be hired from another country as the piers were very huge and heavy and Greece did not have any ship capable of handling the weight of the piers.

Luis Valdezs Los Venditos :: Mexico Mexican Essays

Luis Valdez's Los Venditos "Los Venditos," which means "the sold out ones," is a play that was directed by Luis Valdez and produced by the Farm Workers Theatre of Atzlan. They have based their theatre society on the old drama clubs that were prevalent in the striker’s communities of the sixties and seventies. In these communities, actors and actresses would play roles that would make fun of certain groups or individuals that they were rebelling against. For example, if the produce pickers were striking against a grower, then the play would bring out every stereotype that person believed in or every bad quality that that person had and would embellish it. They would make their target out to be stupid and ignorant. "Los Venditos" accomplishes this task very well because it shows every stereotype that Anglos have against Mexican Americans, and puts it in a way that will make almost any Anglo be ashamed for having believed such falsities. Everything that was put into the play was put there for a reason, whe ther it is an actual incident or a common stereotype. The narrator before the play explains what the Theatre Society of Aztlan is all about. The narrator is costumed as the Aztec sun god in an Aztec high-rise temple. The area around the sun god was the ancient Aztec calendar. It shows that the Aztlans have a good knowledge about their past. They are proud that they are from the area that the Aztecs originated from. The play starts off with a man, named Honest Sancho, that recently aquired a shop that sold used Mexican models. One might notice, however, that his shop is located in an area that has trash all around it. Many Anglos believe that even if a Mexican were to own his own establishment, it would have to be in their own neighborhood, which is most likely a slum, because they might bring their property value down with their presence. It was, and still is in some places, frowned upon when Mexican Americans try to move their business out of their usual surroundings. A woman, named Ms. Jimenez, who worked for the governor’s office, walked into the store because she said that she needed a Mexican for her office. This was obviously only for appearance because that person would have to do everything he/she was told without question. That person would be used for the good of the office where he would be a puppet for the Anglos.

Drug Use and Abuse by Teens Essay -- Teenage Drug Users

Drug addiction is becoming a major problem amongst teenagers. Nine out of every ten adults say that teachers should inform students about drug use." USA Today Many people don’t even realize that they use drugs. Alcohol is a drug. It is the most popular drug in America. People also don’t realize that alcohol is addictive until it’s too late. Alcohol is also very dangerous. On September 13, 2000, I witnessed a crash by my house. A guy skidded across the road and ended up on my neighbor’s lawn. The windshield was cracked on the driver’s side. The driver looked at the smoking car and said that it was fine. He just needed to get it off the curb. When the police showed up, he asked the driver if he had hit his head on the windshield. The driver replied with â€Å"No." The driver was drunk and t...

Correlation of the Behavior of Female Waitresses at Sports Bars and the

When we go out to eat or drink at a sports bar, we usually find that a majority of the servers and bartenders are females. Why is this, one might ask. The most obvious reason is that they draw in more male customers to drink beer and eat food. If a male patron were to walk into a sports bar, he would stay longer and spend more money because he would tend to be checking out a server that he considered attractive. Servers usually know this so they tend to expose themselves more and dress accordingly to attract more guys and hopefully to receive larger tips. One bartender interviewed for this project, who works at Buffalo Wild Wings, would climb on ladders behind the bar, to draw attention to herself. She hoped that her actions would result in the customers giving her a larger tip than they would otherswise. Based upon the tips received, this strategy worked. Seeing this interested the writer to look into the topic of how servers use their physical appearance for a better tip . With further research, this was proved true for almost every restaurant investigated. Waitresses go above and beyond from simply applying makeup to changing their hair color, and changing the way they would serve an average customer to fit their needs. The customers also play a role in the tip given, which can usually be determined by the gender, race, age, and connections to the waitress. If customers would tip based on the service provided, then the female waitresses wouldn’t have to flirt or make the guest feel like that need to tip better. Background Review of Literature Many of the sources address the way the waitresses change their physical appearances and the outcomes. However, some also discuss the emotional side of the server or the pr... ... Works Cited Gatta, M. (2009). Restaurants servers, tipping, and resistance. Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management, 6(1-2), 70-82. Guà ©guen, N. (2012). Hair color and wages: Waitresses with blond hair have more fun. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 41(4), 370-372. Guà ©guen, N. (2009). Menstrual cycle phases and female receptivity to a courtship solicitation: An evaluation in a nightclub. Evolution and human behavior, 30(5), 351-355. doi: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2009.03.004 Jacob, C., Guà ©guen, N., Boulbry, G., & Ardiccioni, R. (2009). Waitresses' facial cosmetics and tipping: A field experiment. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 29(1), 188-190. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2009.04.003 McCall, M., & Lynn, A. (2009). Restaurant servers' perceptions of customer tipping intentions. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 29(1), 188-190.

Book design Essay

Introduction The purpose of this paper is to guide you through the process of writing your philosophy of education paper and to demonstrate the correct format. Use it as a template as you write your paper. This page shows you the layout of the first page. Observe how the title is first, followed by the Section Title, which is underlined, and that both are centered. Notice also that the paragraphs are left-justified and indented ? inch (Cruz & Smith, 2009). Also look at the page number. It is in the top right-hand corner of the page, between the edge of the page and the first line. It is set several spaces to the right of the running head. The page number and running head should be on every page, including the Title Page. Notice also that the page has a one inch margins all around. In your introduction identify the school of philosophy to which you belong. Are you a Perennialist, Progressivist (or Constructivist), Essentialist, Existentialist, or Social Reconstructionist? Are you a purist, border crosser, or eclectic? Your introduction should begin with a thesis statement (the first sentence of this paper is a thesis statement) and be followed by an explanation of why you have identified with a particular school of philosophy. At the end of the introduction, add a transition. This paragraph will introduce the four remaining sections: (a) satisfactions and challenges of the teaching profession, (b) scope of the teaching profession, (c) responsibilities and requirements of teaching, and (d) structure and hierarchy of the profession. It is not necessary to arrange them in this order. As you address each of the four areas (1) tell what you know about the indicator and (2) connect it to your philosophical perspective. Do not make broad generalizations or statements without documenting your source. Satisfactions and Challenges of the Teaching Profession In this section you will describe the pros and cons of teaching as a profession and career. Tables 1. 8 (p. 23), 15. 6 (p. 363), and 15. 7 (p. 364) can assist you in answering these questions (Henniger, 2004). You must also comment on how you will respond to the wide range of student diversity present in today’s classrooms (Tables 2.1 to 2. 3 and 2. 5 to 2. 7). After stating what you know (one or two paragraphs are sufficient), explain how this is related to your philosophical perspective. For example, as an Existentialist, do you perceive every student as an individual or do you prescribe to the Perennialist view that all students learn and grow in similar ways? In this paragraph, you may speak in your own voice as you relate what you know about the satisfactions and challenges of the teaching profession to your school of philosophy. Scope of the Teaching Profession  APA format requires that the entire paper be double spaced. There should not be extra spaces between paragraphs and sections. Notice once again that the section title is centered and underlined. The scope of the teaching profession includes disciplines, levels, settings, and roles of the professional educator. Select one or two of the following strands and write a paragraph explaining what you know. Table 5. 1 (Henniger, 2004) can help you address the ways the profession is organized. Document the structures charted in Figure 4. 1 and Tables 4.  2 or 4. 3 and state how schools are organized and what kinds of schools exist today. What kinds of services and programs are there for the diverse student population (Tables 4. 1, 4. 7, and 4. 8)? What kinds of curriculum are found in schools today and what factors have an impact on the curriculum (Table 7. 1, 7. 3 to 7. 7)? Be sure to include a statement about the roles a teacher plays (Tables 3. 2 and 3. 3). At the conclusion of this section, in a new paragraph, make a connection to your school of philosophy and explain why you think/feel this way. Do you support the Progressivist teacher who serves as a facilitator or the Essentialist teacher who dispenses knowledge and is responsible for motivating students? Responsibilities and Requirements of Teaching Begin by stating your legal responsibilities as a teacher (Tables 13. 3 and 13. 9) and your responsibilities related to social issues (Table 12. 8). Next talk about the specific skills a teacher should have (Tables 3. 4 to 3. 6), or the professional behaviors and attitudes effective teachers possess (Tables 3. 7 to 3. 9, and Table 5. 3). One or two well constructed paragraphs are all you need. To conclude this section, discuss your philosophy perspective. Are you a Social Reconstructionist who views schools as one of the best agents for initiating transformation in our society? Or, as the Existentialist, will you share your classroom responsibilities with your students in dealing with problems and conflicts? Structure and Hierarchy of the Teaching Profession In this section, describe the relationships between teachers and administrators, funding and governance. Most of this section will come from Henniger’s Chapter 14. Begin by describing how local school districts are structured, governed, and funded (Figures 14. 1 to 14. 3) and/or the relationship between state boards of education and the U. S. Department of Education (Figures 14. 4 and 14. 7). You could also talk about the relationship of teachers and administrators (Table 13. 1). Once you conclude your paragraph on the structure and hierarchy of the teaching profession, connect your views to your school of philosophy. Whether you are a Perennialist who promotes the classics, or a Social Reconstructionist with aims of making societal changes, you should explain why you think/feel this way. Conclusion In your conclusion, explain your current level of commitment to a career in teaching. The conclusion must support your thesis statement from the introduction. Before submitting your paper ask yourself: have I communicated clearly, convincingly, and consistently my philosophy of education? Have I used at least 3 professional books or journal articles to support my conclusions and ideas? Are my sources documented using the correct APA format? Did I support my point-of-view with appropriate research findings (this information is found in the professional reading you’ve done throughout this course)? Remember, your paper should be structured using the format of this model. Your writing should include an explicit line of reasoning and a clear focus with no redundancy. Your philosophy of education paper should be 4 to 6 pages of double-spaced 12- point font. Be sure to include a Title Page and paper clip of Rubric A’s score sheet to your finished paper. Do not put your paper in a plastic protector or notebook, a staple in the upper left corner is sufficient. If you have questions or concerns about APA format or assignment requirements, talk to your F200 instructor. We’re here to help. 1A running head is a printing term. It refers to the headers and footers you see in journals and newspapers when articles are longer than one page. The top of your Title Page should look exactly like the Title Page of this model paper. Beginning on page 2, the first page of text, and one every page thereafter, the running head is located in the upper right-hand corner. References Alfred, A. (2010). Surviving the APA requirement. American Research Journal, 47 (2), 75-83. Curz, M. J. & Smith, C. D. (2009). APA format for dummies. American Psychological Association Journal, 58. Retrieved July 1, 2010, from Academic Search Premier. Henniger, M. L. (2004). The teaching experience: An introduction to teaching. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc. Henniger. M. L. (2008). Educational philosophies and you. (Rev. ed. ). Athens, OH: Universal Publications. Longfield, J. A. (1997). A survival guide for f200 students. Retrieved July 1, 2010, from http://www. iun. edu/~edujal/f200/survival. doc

“A Case for Torture” by Michael Levin Essay

â€Å"The Case for Torture† by Michael Levin, presents excellent justification for the use of torture in situations of extreme desperation. Levin gives great arguments for the use of torture through clever wording and great exemplification. In supplement to the already great argument, he provides potential counter-arguments and proves why they are invalid. It is made very clear that he believes that torture is morally mandatory and makes great effort to sway the opinion of readers, provided they keep an open mind. Levin presents a great argument and presents the ideas in an organized fashion, but as with many essays, it is not without flaw and could use some minor changes to make this great essay into a incredible essay. The format of the introduction of Levin’s essay is somewhat unusual. It begins with a few powerful statements, but the very first statement violates a rule of literature, inclusion of an unsupported fact. Levin says,† It is generally assumed that torture is impermissible, a throwback to a more brutal age.† Not only is the statement a generalization, he is saying that something is generally assumed, but he does not say whom it is assumed by. So who generally assumes it? It seems it is more of a mistake of wording because he is the one who is assuming that generally people think torture is wrong, therefore the essay should read that way because the last thing one should do is start off on the wrong foot. The essay truly lacks any real lead-in or background. The essay just jumps right into the real issues without introducing them or explaining why it was even written in the first place. The reason for the essay is not the real issue though. The issue is that it lacks background because it doesn’t appear that Levin is actually arguing against another point of view. Last I knew, an argument required two points of view to start with, but as I read the introduction it doesn’t seem he has an opponent to win favor over. Without question it is obvious that the paper is about torture, but the introduction does not introduce the main ideas as clearly as it should introduce them. Upon reading the body of the essay, it also comes off as unfinished. The paragraphs in the essay do not seem to flow together, but rather jump from  one point to the next. While the paragraphs may be about the same topic overall, the transition between minor points is somewhat abrupt and adds to the essay’s unfinished feel. Another point of interest is Levin’s inclusion of two subtitles; however, the subtitles are not complete. The first subtitle reads, â€Å"Death†, but the following paragraph does not discuss death. With â€Å"Death† being the subtitle, it seems that’s what the paragraph would be about. The next and last subtitle reads, â€Å"Idealism†, and accordingly that is what the following paragraph is about, but why does that paragraph gets a subtitle and the previous do not is a mystery because they are all about something different as they should be. It seems to be another oversight that also adds to the essay’s unfinished quality. Though the essay has its flaws, it is not without strong points. Levin’s great use of examples through hypothetical situations really brings the reader in and aids in his quest to change their point of view. The examples themselves do not make the essay; however, it’s clear they are greatly assisted by the excellent use of vocabulary and clever wording. Levin does a great job of using powerful words, it makes the essay seem more credible and creates a feeling that the writer really knows what he’s talking about. Why that may or may not be the case, it can be said that Levin really knows how to write a good persuasive argument; however, his oversights deduct from what could be an incredible persuasive essay. The overall impression of the essay was good. It seemed the argument itself was well though out, but the actual writing itself was what most needed work. Without a doubt, Levin’s essay presents some very valid facts and they are rather well supported in most cases; however, to make a strong argument you need support on every level. Not only do all the facts need to be organized and well developed, but the writing does as well. As previously stated, it is clear that Levin really knows how to write a good persuasive argument; however, his oversights deduct from what could be an incredible persuasive essay.

Detailed analysis of school safety

Safety is an important factor in any learning institution that is focussed to achieving its mission, vision and goals in the future. So the most important thing to be enforced in such institutions is thus safety. Although there are other factors that contribute to the success of students in learning, safety form the core foundations for all activities that are undertaken by any learning institutions. The need to provide better learning environment to students begins with the provision of physical safety that leading to the provisions of emotional well being to the students. Atkinson, 1996) However, in the recent past years, many schools within the country have been faced with a number of problems which led to the compromising of schools safety. During last year’s perilous event that took place in our school, many of us as part of the school community were affected. Follow such consequences, the school administration formed a committee to research on the safety conditions and control measures in our school. The following is the report that was hand over to the administrators:- Outline of the issues: The rising indiscipline behaviour among the students The misuse of drugs and the utilization of illegal drugs within the school compound The rampant violence act among students and teachers The movement of outsiders and non- students as well as students within the school compound (Trump, 1997) While the above four issues were tackled into detail, it was clear that in the first matter, students were becoming uncouth and rowdy. There were many cases that involved students fighting in classes and outside classes. Furthermore, some of the sources indicated that some students had even blackmailed the name of our school to the outside communities by misbehaving in public. Some students have been alleged not to respect the elders and those in authorities while they are in public places. The second issues of using drug and illegal drugs indicated that most students have been caught by watchmen either drinking or drunk of alcohol, beer, or they have been found smoking cigarettes, marijuana and others addict able materials that may stimulates and affects the normal functioning of body or nervous systems. I think the applications of these substances are the consequences of the first and the third issue of rampant violence among the students and to the teachers. The most important matter that perhaps has lead to all these scaring actions is the lack of school fence. This has paralysed the efforts of the guards to regulating and control the movement of all the people getting in and out of the school ground. In fact this has given a great opportunity to drug traffics to access the clients within the school without much struggle or impairment while the same applies to the addicted students who would like to sneak out to go and obtain their materials. (Huff, 1996) Control measures To alleviate to the crooked ways of the students’ behaviour, the administrators being the closes guardians to the students should be taught guidance and counselling courses. They will then help them to mould the students and even rescue those who are drug addicts from the scathing killer drugs. While this is being implemented, the school can invite sociologists and religious leaders to give words of advices to the students periodically. Moreover, to accomplish their mission, there is need for the administration to coordinate with the parents and the local communities as well as the public in general to act as role models and to give corrective measures and check the behaviour of students. Final the school requires to be provided with a physical fence to check the intruders and students movements. (Trump, 1993)